KVM虚拟化环境安装

1.操作系统平台

[root@SZ-P-L-KVM-18 ~]# cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 6.9 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m

2.服务器硬件信息

2.1.CPU型号

[root@SZ-P-L-KVM-18 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -d: -f2 | uniq -c
     24  Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2620 0 @ 2.00GHz

2.2.物理CPU颗数

[root@SZ-P-L-KVM-18 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical | sort -n | uniq -c
     24 address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
     12 physical id : 0
     12 physical id : 1

2.3.内存

[root@SZ-P-L-KVM-18 ~]# dmidecode|grep -A5 "Memory Device"|grep Size | cut -d: -f2|sort -n |uniq -c
     16  No Module Installed
      8  8192 MB 
      
[root@SZ-P-L-KVM-18 ~]# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         64377        660      63716          0         12         66
-/+ buffers/cache:        581      63795
Swap:        65535          0      65535

3.关闭Selinux

sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config  
setenforce 0

4.添加主机名到host文件

[root@SZ-P-L-KVM-18 ~]# echo "127.0.0.1 SZ-P-L-KVM-18" >> /etc/hosts

5.查看服务器是否支持虚拟化

[root@SZ-P-L-KVM-18 ~]# grep -E -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo | head -n 1
vmx

6.安装kvm软件包

yum -y install kvm python-virtinst libvirt tunctl bridge-utils virt-manager qemu-kvm-tools virt-viewer  virt-v2v

7.安装kvm虚拟化管理工具包

yum  -y install  libguestfs-tools

8.查看版本

[root@SZ-P-L-KVM-18 ~]# virsh --version 
0.10.2

[root@SZ-P-L-KVM-18 ~]# virt-install --version
0.600.0

[root@SZ-P-L-KVM-18 ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@SZ-P-L-KVM-18 ~]# qemu-kvm -version
QEMU PC emulator version 0.12.1 (qemu-kvm-0.12.1.2-2.503.el6_9.5), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard

9.查看kvm模块

[root@SZ-P-L-KVM-18 ~]# lsmod | grep kvm
kvm_intel              55432  0 
kvm                   346318  1 kvm_intel

10.启用libvirtd服务

[root@SZ-P-L-KVM-18 ~]# chkconfig libvirtd on

[root@SZ-P-L-KVM-18 ~]# /etc/init.d/libvirtd restart
Stopping libvirtd daemon:                                  [  FAILED  ]
Starting libvirtd daemon:                                  [  OK  ]

10.配置虚拟网卡

新建虚拟网卡: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0

DEVICE=br0
TYPE=Bridge
BOOTPROTO=static
IPV6INIT=no
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.100.18
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.100.1
DNS1=114.114.114.114
DELAY=0

11.本机网卡配置

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-em1
增加 BRIDGE=br0

DEVICE=em1
HWADDR=F0:1F:AF:D1:36:0E
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=112c1a6b-3a42-43c1-a75f-77566c7af8e0
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.100.18
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.100.1
DNS1=114.114.114.114
BRIDGE=br0

12.重启网卡

/etc/init.d/network restart

查看网卡信息

[root@SZ-P-L-KVM-18 ~]# ifconfig 
br0       Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr F0:1F:AF:D1:36:0E  
          inet addr:192.168.100.18  Bcast:192.168.6.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::f21f:afff:fed1:360e/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:245 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:28 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:26130 (25.5 KiB)  TX bytes:3508 (3.4 KiB)

em1       Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr F0:1F:AF:D1:36:0E  
          inet6 addr: fe80::f21f:afff:fed1:360e/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:238 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:24 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:29658 (28.9 KiB)  TX bytes:3254 (3.1 KiB)
          Interrupt:35 

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

virbr0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:33:9A:C1  
          inet addr:192.168.122.1  Bcast:192.168.122.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

13.查看桥接网络

[root@SZ-P-L-KVM-18 ~]# brctl show 
bridge name bridge id       STP enabled interfaces
br0     8000.f01fafd1360e   no      em1
virbr0      8000.525400339ac1   yes     virbr0-nic

14.查看虚拟主机

[root@SZ-P-L-KVM-18 ~]# virsh list --all (或使用 virsh -c qemu:///system list )
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
*还没安装虚拟机，所以现在列表是空的。

15.使用virt-manager图形界面管理安装虚拟机

15.1.安装X-window

yum -y install libXdmcp libXmu libxkbfile xkeyboard-config xorg-x11-xauth xorg-x11-xkb-utils

15.2.解决乱码问题

yum -y install dejavu-sans-mono-fonts

15.3.开启sshd的X11转发

[root@SZ-P-L-KVM-18 ~]# grep "X11Forwarding yes" /etc/ssh/sshd_config 
X11Forwarding yes

15.4.进入图形界面

[root@SZ-P-L-KVM-18 ~]# virt-manager